BIODIVERSITY

Biodiversity refers to the great genetic variability depicted by the diverse life forms present on our planet. It covers the whole spectrum of life from single-cell organisms to complex mammals and from autotrophs to heterotrophs.

One primary reason for the spatial variation of biodiversity is the diverse climatic conditions prevalent on this planet. This is showcased by the hot and humid equatorial forests (see picture) where biodiversity is at its best and the cold, dry polar regions where only a few selected species are found. The interplay between temperature and moisture amongst other factors causes the regional distribution of soil types and vegetations which in turn, results in the different levels of biodiversity all over the world.

Nature follows the principle of ‘survival of the fittest’. Different species adapt themselves to the prevailing and often changing environment. As a result, each plant and animal species has developed its own niche. For example: the cactus plant survives in the hot deserts unlike those found in the rainforests which cannot survive without plenty of water.

Biodiversity breeds complexity and stability of an ecosystem. The diverse gene pool ensures a great variety of plants and animals found in a region which is highly beneficial in the fields of agriculture, genetic engineering and the perpetuation of various mineral and life cycles.

However, man in his quest for quick progress has thoughtlessly changed the world around him. From a hunter and a gatherer state, he is now capable of destroying the natural habitat of various species leading to their extinction. This growing realization has manifested itself in the form of a global dialogue on Sustainable Development. The World Summit on this theme that took place in August, 2002 in Johannesburg, South Africa, brought together concerned citizens of the world to suggest ways to judiciously utilize the available resources and set targets to restore the natural equilibrium before its too late.

As we celebrate this year as the International Year of Biodiversity, let us not forget that biodiversity is one of the best gifts of God to mankind. It is our duty to not only cherish it but preserve it in its natural state of perfection.